Global security and natural resources

Moscow, 26th September 2002

List of Participants

Alexander Arbatov
Alexander Arbatov is currently Vice-Chairman of the Committee for the Productive Resources of the RF Ministry of Economic Development & Trade and the Russian Academy of Sciences.

He is a member of Advisory Board of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation and Vice-president of the Russian Association of Energy Economics.

Prof Arbatov has over 15 years of experience in conducting State Environmental Expertise/Review. He has chaired several State Expert Commissions on a number of large projects (including oil and gas deposits) throughout the Russian Federation and the CIS.

He has published over 200 papers and books and holds three patents for inventions in the field of gas liquefaction.

Sartaj Aziz
Sartaj Aziz is a former Foreign Minister and Finance Minister of Pakistan.

He studied economics at Islamia and Hailey College in Lahore and started his career as a government servant in the department of Information of the NWFP Government. Secretary of the Administrative Reorganisation Committee of the Government of Pakistan and as Chief of International Economics Section in the Government of Pakistan. He also went abroad during his career and earned a masters degree in development economics from the Harvard University in 1963. He served as the Joint Secretary of the Planning Commission of Pakistan from 1967 to 1971 and then went abroad and served with distinction in the UNO's Food and Agricultural Organisation. He was appointed a minister of State for Food and Agriculture in 1984. He served as the Finance Minister from 1990-1993, 1997-98 and as Foreign Minister in 1998-1999.

Dr. Togrul Bagirov
Dr Bagirov is Executive Vice President of the Moscow International Petroleum Club

Vladimir Baranovsky
Vladimir Baranovsky is Deputy Director at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences; and professor at Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. He has been at IMEMO since 1975, researching Soviet/Russian foreign policy; international security; European integration and arms control.

He is a member of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences; Council for Foreign and Defence Policy (Moscow); International Institute for Strategic Studies (London); European Security Forum (Brussels); scientific councils at IMEMO and INION (Institute for information on social sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences); advisory boards at Hessische Stiftung- und Konfliktforschung (Frankfurt) and "The International Spectator" monthly (Rome); editorial boards of "World Economy and International Relations" monthly and "Contemporary Europe" monthly (Moscow); councils of Association of Euro-Atlantic Cooperation (vice-president) and Russian Association for International Studies. He has been a visiting professor at the Institut d'Etudes Européennes, Université Libre de Bruxelles (1991), and at the Université de Rennes (1995). He was a senior researcher and project leader at Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (1992-1997).

Recent publications include: The international implications of the terrorist attacks (in: The International Spectator (Rome), vol. XXXVI, no.4, Oct.?Dec. 2001); The Dynamics of Russian Missile Defense Policy (in: Pugwash Occasional Papers, vol.3, no.1, March 2002); Common European security and defence policy: horizons of the Russian perception (in Russia: Arms Control, Disarmament and International security. Moscow: IMEMO, 2002); and 11 septembre: une vision russe. (in: Politique étrangère (Paris), 2002, N 1.

Khalid Banuri
Group Captain Khalid Banuri serves as the Deputy Director of Arms Control & Disarmament Affairs at the Strategic Plans Division in Pakistan.

A fighter pilot of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) since 1979, Group Captain Banuri has flown a variety of fighter aeroplanes and holds significant field, flight instruction, command and staff experience. He is a graduate of the F- 16 squadron of the Combat Commanders' School as well as the PAF's Air War College and UK's Joint Services Command & Staff College. He is decorated with Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Star of Distinction) by the President of Pakistan.

Group Captain Banuri holds an MSc in Defence & Strategic Studies from Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad and an MA in Defence Studies from Kings College London. He is a former fellow of The Henry L. Stimson Center Washington DC. Having worked earlier on chemical weapons' proliferation issues, his current areas of interest are nuclear and missile issues and international security.

Bruce Clark
Bruce Clark has been the International Security Editor of The Economist since 1998.

Before that he was diplomatic correspondent for the Financial Times, working in London, Brussels and Washington. Between 1990 and 1993, he was a staff correspondent in Moscow for the Times of London. His book, 'An Empires New Clothes: The End Of Russia's Liberal Dream' was published by vintage paperbacks in 1995.

Richard Crowder
Richard Crowder is Second Economic Secretary at the British Embassy in Moscow.

He joined the British Diplomatic Service six years ago, and has worked in Russia since autumn 1999. Prior to that he worked in a unit of the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London covering the 1998 Summit of the G8 countries, which was hosted by the UK, and took place in Birmingham.

Oleg Deripaska
Oleg V. Deripaska is President of Russian Aluminium.

In 1994, he was appointed Director General of Sayansk Aluminum Smelter. In 1997, he was elected President of Sibirsky Aluminium Group. In 2000, he was appointed Director General of Russian Aluminium Corp. Mr. Deripaska is also vice-president of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, Chairman of the Board of the Russian National Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce, member of the Entrepreneurship Council of the Government of the Russian Federation. In 1999, Oleg Deripaska was awarded an Order of Friendship by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation. The newspaper Vedomosti (published jointly with Wall Street Journal and Financial Times) declared him "The Entrepreneur of the Year 1999". Mr. Deripaska was born in 1968. He graduated from the Lomonosov Moscow State University with honors, and later got a master's degree from the G.V. Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics.

Lord Desai
Meghnad Desai is Professor of Economics, Director of the Centre for the Study of Global Governance and Chairman of the Asia Research Centre at the London School of Economics.

He was created Lord Desai of St Clement Danes in 1991. His recent publications include: (with Yahia Said) 'The New Anti-Capitalist Movement: Money and Global Civil Society' in Global Civil Society 2001, Anheier, H; M Glasius & M Kaldor (eds), (2001) Oxford University Press; Oxford. pp. 51-79; 'Amartya Sen's Contribution to Development Economics', Oxford Development Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, pp 213 - 223, 2001; Money, Macroeconomics and Keynes, Essays in honour of Victoria Chick, Volume 1, ed with Arestis, P and S Dow, (Routledge, 2002); Methodology, Microeconomics and Keynes: Essays in honour of Victoria Chick, Volume 2, ed with Arestis, P and S Dow (Routledge, 2002); Marx's Revenge; The Resurgence of Capitalism and the Death of Statist Socialism [Verso; London, New York], 2002.

Prof. Padma Desai
Padma Desai is Gladys and Roland Harriman Professor of Comparative Economic Systems and
Director of the Center for Transitional Economies at Columbia University.

She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She was President of the Association for Comparative Economic Studies for 2001, and US. Treasury's Advisor to the Russian Finance Ministry in the summer of 1995. She received her Ph. D. in Economics from Harvard University where she began her teaching career.

J.N. Dixit
Jyotindra Nath Dixit is a former Indian Foreign Service Officer.

During his long career at the foreign office, Dixit served with distinction as Ambassador in several countries. Of particular importance are his stints in Colombo and Islamabad where he was posted during crucial times. After retiring as Foreign Secretary of India, JN Dixit has established himself as a leading commentator on foreign policy and security issues. He also served as a member of the National Security Council Advisory Board; 1998 - 2000. He is currently visiting Professor at the Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi.

Gareth Evans
Gareth Evans has been President and Chief Executive of the Brussels-based International Crisis Group (ICG) since January 2000.

He was a Cabinet Minister in the Hawke and Keating Labour Governments for thirteen years, in the posts of Attorney General (1983-84), Minister for Resources and Energy (1984-87), Minister for Transport and Communications (1987-88) and Foreign Minister (1988-1996).
He was one of Australia's longest serving Foreign Ministers, best known internationally for his roles in developing the UN peace plan for Cambodia, helping bring to a conclusion the international Chemical Weapons Convention, founding the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and initiating the Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons. He was Australian Humanist of the Year in 1990, won the ANZAC Peace Prize in 1994 for his work on Cambodia, and in 1995 was awarded in the United States the Grawemeyer Prize for Ideas Improving World Order for his Foreign Policy article "Cooperative Security and Intrastate Conflict".
Gareth Evans has written or edited eight books - most recently Australia's Foreign Relations (1991, 2nd ed 1995) and Cooperating for Peace: The Global Agenda for the 1990s (1993) - and has published over seventy journal articles and chapters on foreign relations, politics, human rights and legal reform. In September 2000 he was appointed by the Government of Canada as Co-Chair, with Mohamed Sahnoun, of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, which published its report, The Responsibility to Protect in December 2001.

Prof. Franklin Fisher
Franklin M. Fisher, Ph.D., is the Jane Berkowitz Carlton and Dennis William Carlton Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

In addition to MIT, Professor Fisher has taught at Harvard University, University of Chicago, Oxford, the University of Canterbury, Hebrew University, and Tel Aviv University. Professor Fisher is a past President of the Econometric Society, a recipient of the John Bates Clark award of the American Economic Association, and a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Professor Fisher received his Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University in 1960, his MA in economics from Harvard in 1957, and an AB in economics from Harvard in 1956. He has served as a director of Charles River Associates, an economics consulting firm, since 1967 and was elected chairman of the board of directors in 1997.

For more than 30 years, Professor Fisher has served as an expert witness in matters involving antitrust, contract disputes, valuation, damages, and trademark infringement. He was IBM's chief economic witness in its antitrust cases of the 1970s and served in a similar role on behalf of the Department of Justice in the Microsoft antitrust case.

Professor Fisher has served for a decade as the Chair of the Water Economics Project, a cooperative endeavor of American, Dutch, Israeli, Jordanian, and Palestinian experts, facilitated by the government of The Netherlands with the assent of the regional governments.

Isabel Gorst
Isabel Gorst is an English journalist and writer who has been living in Moscow and writing about the Russian and FSU energy sectors for ten years. At present she is working as a correspondent for Platts and Petroleum Economist. In 1996 she co-authored with former Soviet Oil Minister Lev Churilov "Lifeblood of Empire" - a history of the USSR's oil industry.

Dipak Gyawali
Dipak Gyawali is currently Pragya (Academician) of the Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (RONAST).

He is co-editor of the biannual interdisciplinary journal WATER NEPAL, board member of Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH), member of the New York Academy of Sciences, life member of the Society of Electrical Engineers Nepal as well as Nepal Engineers Association, and member of the Oxford Commission on Sustainable Consumption based at the Oxford Centre for the Environment, Ethics and Society (OCEES, UK). By profession, he is a hydroelectric power engineer (Moskovsky Energetichesky Institute, USSR) as well as a political economist studying resource use (University of California at Berkeley).

His current activities are centered around local water management institutions and stresses of development therein, alternative hill transport systems, social response to floods and other disasters, and pluralized institutional terrain in energy systems. He serves as Chairman of the research group Institute for Social and Environmental Transition, Nepal.

Andrei Illarionov
Mr. Illarionov is a State Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation.

Mr. Illarionov graduated from the St. Petersburg State University where he received two degrees in economics. He subsequently worked at the university in the department of international and economic relations and was also Senior Scientist at the Laboratory of Regional Economic Research at the St. Petersburg University of Economics and Finance. In 1992, Mr. Illarionov became an economics advisor to the Deputy Chairman of the Russian Federation Government. His subsequent posts include First Deputy at the Center for Economic Reform at the Russian Government, Director of the Analytical Group at the Council of Ministers, and Director of the Institute of Economic Analysis. In 2000, Mr. Illarionov was appointed Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation.

Prof. Mary Kaldor
Mary Kaldor is School Professor and Director of the Programme on Global Civil Society at the Centre for the Study of Global Governance, LSE.

Prior to coming to the LSE, she worked at Sussex University as Jean Monnet Reader in Contemporary European Studies. Her published works include, The Baroque Arsenal (1981); The Imaginary War: Understanding the East-West Conflict (Blackwell 1990); and New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (1999, Polity Press), which has already been translated into eight languages. She is co-editor and co-author of Global Civil Society 2001, which is published by Oxford University Press. The second yearbook, Global Civil Society 2002 will be launched in October 2002. Her latest book, Global Civil Society: An Answer to War will be published by Polity Press in 2003.

Mary was a founder member of END, a Co-Chair on the Helsinki Citizen's Assembly and a member of the International Independent Commission to investigate the Kosovo Crisis, established by the Swedish Prime Minister.

Victor Kalyuzhny
Victor Kalyuzhny is Russian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Special Presidential Representative on the Caspian.

Mr. Kalyuzhny graduated from Ufa Oil Institute in 1970, which started his career in the oil industry. During the 1970s and 1980s he occupied a number of key positions at Tomskneft's Stregevoineft, beginning as an operator of oil extraction and eventually being promoted to Deputy Director in charge of economic affairs. From 1990 to 1993, Mr. Kalyuzhny worked in Vietnam as Director of Oil and Gas Extraction for VietSovPetro. He subsequently became First Deputy Director of Tomskneft, and from 1994 to 1997 was First Vice President of Eastern Oil Company. In 1997, Mr. Kalyuzhny became a Deputy of the Tomsk State Duma. In 1998, he was appointed First Deputy Minister for Fuel and Energy, becoming Minister of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation in 1999

Sergei Karaganov
Sergei Karaganov is currently Chairman of the Council on Foreign and Defence Policy, Moscow

He graduated in 1974 from the Department of Economics of the Moscow State University, Doctor of Historical Sciences. He is the author and editor of 17 books and brochures and has published over 250 articles on economics of foreign policy, arms control, national security strategy, Russian foreign and defense policies. These have been published in over 25 countries.

He has been a member of the Advisory Board of the Chairman of the Council of Federation (1996-2000) and a member of the Presidential Council of the Russian Federation (1993-1999). He is currently a member of the Foreign Policy Council of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and a member of the Advisory Committee of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.

Since 2002 Sergei Karaganov has been advisor to the Presidential Administration (foreign policy), chairman of the Editorial Board of the new magazine "Russia in Global Affairs" and chairman of the Presidium of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy - a private organization of 136 heads of business associations, prominent politicians, leading figures in the military, foreign policy and media.

He is a member and chairman of boards of several other public and philatropic organizations.

Franklin D Kramer
Mr Kramer is Executive Vice President of Changing World Technologies, Inc.

From 1996 to 2001, Mr. Kramer served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. Previously, he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense in 1996; as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from 1979 to 1981; and as Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from 1977 to 1979. In these capacities, Mr. Kramer was an architect of numerous international initiatives including enlarging NATO through the admission of Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, and chairing bilateral and multilateral defense activities in Asia and the Middle East. During his career, Mr. Kramer served for 20 years at the law firm of Shea & Gardner in Washington, D.C. as a partner and an associate. Mr. Kramer currently serves on the Strategic Advisory Council for Lockheed Martin Corp.; as Associate Chair for Ashoka Innovators for the Public; as a Trustee for ANSER Corporation; a Director for Liquidity Services, Inc.; a Fellow for the Center for Naval Analyses and a Director of the Wold Affairs Council of Washington, D.C. Mr. Kramer received a B.A. from Yale University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School, where he served as Executive Editor of The Harvard Law Review, and was a law clerk to the Honorable J. Edward Lumbard of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.

Dr. Andrei Konoplianik
Dr Konoplianik is Deputy Secretary General, Energy Charter Secretariat, Brussels.

Since 1993, Dr Konoplianik has held a number of advisory positions with RF Government including special advisor on foreign investments to the First Deputy Prime-Minister E.Gaidar, advisor to the Federal Ministries of Energy, Economics, Finance and to the RF State Duma Committees on Economic Policy, Natural Resources, PSA Commission. He drafted the Russian PSA Law and PSA normative documents and helped draft the "Main Conceptual Provisions for Russian Oil & Gas Development" (1999-2000) and "Russian Energy Strategy to 2020" (2000-2001).

Dr Konoplianik is a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, the International Association for Energy Economics, the International Bar Association and the Association of International Petroleum Negotiators. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Centre for Energy, Petroleum & Mineral Law & Policy, University of Dundee, Scotland, and of the Faculty of Economics, Aberdeen University, Scotland.

Has published more than 300 articles both in the USSR/Russia and abroad, has participated in writing around 40 monographs.

Steve Larcombe
Steven Larcombe is General Manager, Kazakhstan for BG Group plc, the integrated gas major.

He studied Physics at Manchester University and Social Anthropology at Cambridge. After joining BG, he worked on gas projects in the North Sea, in investor relations and corporate planning and on business development in Africa and the Middle East. For the last six years he has been involved with BG's projects in the former Soviet Union including the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, the Karachaganak oil and gas field and the Kashagan field, the largest oil discovery in the world in the last thirty years.

Prof. Margot Light
Margot Light is Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

She has been teaching and writing about the former Soviet Union for the past 25 years. She is co-author (with Neil Malcolm, Alex Pravda and Roy Allison) Internal Factors in Russian Foreign Policy (Oxford University Press,1996), co-editor (with Karen Smith) of Ethics and Foreign Policy (Cambridge University Press, 2001),co-editor (with A.J.R.Groom) of Contemporary International Relations: A Guide to Theory (Pinter Publishers, 1994). Her most recent article is 'The response to 11.9 and the Lessons of History' International Relations vol 16 no 2 pp.275-280.

Rory MacFarquhar
Rory MacFarquhar works at Goldman Sachs in Moscow

Simon Neves
Simon Neves is a Managing Director of Deutsche Bank

He joined Deutsche Bank on its acquisition of Bankers Trust Company in 1999. His 26-year banking career has included periods based in New York, Lisbon and London where he has held various positions including several years in leveraged and structured finance and more recently in credit risk management. As a Senior Credit Executive, Simon is responsible for Deutsche Bank's global credit risk strategy for several industries.

Dr. Beate Maeder-Metcalf
Dr Maeder-Metcalf is Counsellor at Policy Planning Staff and research coordinator at the German Foreign Ministry in Berlin.

She joined the German Foreign Service in 1987, since when she has worked in the German mission to the UN, in the embassy in Bénin and in Vienna, seconded to the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media as Head of Office in Vienna.

Edward Morse
Edward L. Morse is Executive Advisor at Hess Energy Trading Company.

In early 2001, he chaired a task force on energy security, jointly sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations of New York and the James A. Baker III Institute at Rice University. Prior to joining HETCO in April 1999, he was a well-known analyst on the international oil and gas sector, and publisher of Petroleum Intelligence Weekly and other leading industry newsletters for a decade. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Energy Policy in 1979-81, and represented the US at the International Energy Agency. He was also at Phillips Petroleum management as Director of International Affairs. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and of the Oxford Energy Policy Club.

Lord Owen
Lord Owen's business interests include being Chairman of Yukos International UK B.V, Executive Chairman of Global Natural Energy plc, Deputy Chairman of EuropeSteel.com; non-executive Director of the US pharmaceutical company Abbott Laboratories and a non-executive Director of New Crane Publishing.

From 1992-95 Lord Owen was the EU Co-Chairman of the International Conference on former Yugoslavia.

He was created a Life Baron - Lord Owen of the City of Plymouth - in the Dissolution Honours of 1992 and he was made a Companion of Honour in the Queen's Birthday Honours in June 1994. In October 2000 he was granted the Honorary Freedom of the City of Plymouth.

David Owen was a Member of Parliament for 26 years during which, under Labour Governments, he was Navy Minister, Health Minister and Foreign Secretary (1977-79). He was a founder of the Social Democratic Party in 1981 and its leader from 1983-90.

Educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge and St Thomas's Hospital, London, David Owen was a neurologist and Research Fellow on the Medical Unit before entering Parliament in 1966.

Lord Owen's other activities include being Chairman of New Europe; Chancellor of the University of Liverpool; Director of the Centre for International Health and Cooperation and President of the Enabling Partnership. Lord Owen has served on a number of independent commissions including: Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues; Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues; Carnegie Commission on Preventing Armed Conflict.

Lord Owen has written a number of books including Human Rights (1978), Face the Future (1981), his autobiography Time to Declare (1991), an anthology of poetry Seven Ages (1992) and Balkan Odyssey (1995).

Marina Pavlova-Silvanskaya
Marina Pavlova-Silvanskaya is editor of Pro et Contra, policy journal of the Carnegie Moscow Centre.

She has been Senior Research Fellow and Chief of Department, Institute of International Economic and Political Studies, Academy of Sciences (Bogomolov Institute), 1969-1978 and 1987-1994 and Senior Editor and Political Analyst, New Times, 1994-1996.

James Richard
James Richard is a portfolio manager at Firebird Management LLC, a New York-based investment fund. Among other things, he is co-author with Edward Morse of The Battle for Energy Dominance, an article in Foreign Affairs March/April 2002.

Christof Rühl
Mr. Christof Rühl is Chief Economist of the World Bank's Russia office.

Before joining the World Bank in 1998, Mr. Rühl was Principal Economist in the Office of the Chief Economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in London. Previosuly he has worked in academia: In 1991, he became Assistant Professor at the Economics Department of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and earlier held positions as Research Associate at the universities of Bremen (1986-88) and Hohenheim in Stuttgart, Germany (1988-91). Mr. Rühl, a German national, graduated in economics from the University of Bremen. Over the years, he has also accepted visiting positions at various universities and research institutions, among them the Graduate School of Business at the University of Chicago (1997), the University of Western Ontario, Canada (1995), the Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna (1994), and the Central European University in Prague and Budapest (1994-96). He has published a number of books and numerous articles. His areas of specialization are macroeconomics, monetary economics, and the economics of the transition from central planning.

Yahia Said
Yahia Said is a research officer at the Centre for the Study of Global Governance, LSE.

His experience combines academic research with private sector work and activism. Prior to joining the LSE, he worked as a corporate finance consultant with Ernst & Young in Russia. He also worked as a project co-ordinator with the Helsinki Citizens' Assembly in Prague. Yahia Said specialises in issues of economic transition in post-communist societies. His publications include 'Restructuring the Military Sector in Slovakia' in The End of Military Fordism, Mary Kaldor (ed) (1998) and 'Oil and Human Rights in Azerbaijan', co-authored with Mary Kaldor in Human Rights and the Oil Industry, Asbjorn Eide (ed) (2000). He is currently editing a book on global finance with Meghnad Desai.

K. Santhanam
K Santhanam is Director of The Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA), New Delhi.

Shri Santhanam superannuated from the Defence R&D Organisation (DRDO) as Chief Adviser (Technology). He was conferred the Padma Bhushan award by the Government in recognition of contributions to the Shakti-98 series of nuclear tests conducted in Pokhran in May 1998.

Alexander Saveliev
Alexander Saveliev is the Director of the Strategic Research Department at IMEMO.

H.E. Gholamreza Shafei
Gholamreza Shafei is the Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Russian Federeation.

Prior to his move to Moscow he was Minister of Industries. He has also been Minister of Cooperatives, and head of Tehran's fourth district Komiteh which covered a wide area of Tehran.

Prof. Nodari Simonia
Professor Simonia is the Director of IMEMO.

He is a member of the Russian Scientific Council and a foreign policy advisor to the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He has also been an advisor to the Presidential Security Council.

Professor Simonia has been a visiting professor at the London School of Economics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo and the University of Maryland. He was formerly the Professor of Politics at the Institute of Social Sciences, Moscow.

Simon Taylor
Simon Taylor is the Director of Global Witness, London

Global Witness is a non-governmental organization dedicated to increasing awareness of the link between natural resources and conflict. Mr. Taylor was one of the three founders of Global Witness in 1993 and is one of the developers of the methodology to help resolve conflict and corruption in countries often rich in resources, but where the welfare of the resident population seems to decline as the exploitation of these resources increases. He is an expert in the areas of oil, diamonds and forest issues. Prior to Global Witness Mr. Taylor worked as an investigator at the Environmental Investigative Agency.

Dmitri Trenin
Dimitri Trenin is Deputy Director, Carnegie Moscow Centre.

From 1972 to 1993 Dimitri Trenin was a member of the Russian Armed Forces and held a number of positions including member of the USSR Delegation to US-Soviet Nuclear Arms Talks in Geneva, 1985-1991; Senior Lecturer in the Area Studies Department of The Military Institute, 1986-1993; Senior Research Fellow at the NATO Defence College, Rome, 1993 and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Science, 1993-1997.

He is a member of International Institute for Strategic Studies and the Russian International Studies Association and a visiting lecturer at the NATO Defence College and the Moscow School of Political Studies.

Constandinos Vardakis
Counsellor on the Delegation of the European Commission in the Russian Federation

A Civil Engineer and a Development Economist by training, Mr. Vardakis started his career in the Greek industry before moving to the Middle East (Iraq, United Arab Emirates) where he worked as Project Manager for International Building and Civil Engineering Contractors. He joined the
European Commission Directorate-General for External Relations in 1985 further to an open competition.

He served as Third Secretary (Development) in the Delegation of the European Commission in Zimbabwe (1985-1989) followed by an assignment as Second Secretary in Sudan (1989-1993) before returning back to Headquarters. He was subsequently appointed as First Secretary (Political, Economic) to the Delegation of the European Commission in Pakistan (1996-2000).

Mr. Vardakis is presently the Counsellor in charge of Science, Technology, Transport & Energy in the Delegation of the European Commission in Moscow.

Oleg Vikhanski
Oleg Vikhanski is the Director of Moscow State University Graduate School of Business.

Grigori Yavlinsky
Grigori Yavlinsky is chairman and founder of the Yabloko faction in the State Duma.

Yabloko is the oldest Russian democratic party. It has always been in liberal-democratic opposition first to the policy of Boris Yeltsin - first President of Russia, and now - to the policy of Vladimir Putin.

Grigori Yavlinsky initiated the first program of liberal economic reforms in Russia's history, known as "500 days". He was nominated vice prime-minister of the first government of Russia. Yavlinsky was at the head of the process of the country's joining International Monetary Fund and World Bank. Gregori Yavlinksy prepared the Economic Treaty of Post-Soviet Republics on free trade (as well as 26 addenda on currency, customs, energy, transport unions etc.) based on European Economic Union pattern. The leaders of 11 post soviet states signed the Treaty.

Due to Yavlinsky's and "Yabloko" uncompromising stance, the elections of 1993, 1995 and 1999 carried the Party into the parliament for three consecutive terms. It also made Yavlinsky a candidate for Russia's presidency twice - in 1996 and 2000. Today the Party and its leader enjoy stable electoral base of 4-5 million citizens. At the latest elections 20 per cent of Moscow citizens voted Yavlinsky for Presidency.

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